(A)
Liquid waste.
(B)
Solid waste.
(C)
Gaseous waste.
(D)
Mixture of solidand gas.
Ans. :
a.
Liquid waste.
Explanation:
Sewage is mainly a liquid waste. The waste water and faeces from homes and otherbuildings which is carried away in sewers, is called sewage.
Chlorine tablet is used to remove .......... from waste water.
(A)
Odour
(B)
Dark colour
(C)
Bacteria
(D)
All of the above
Ans. :
d.
All of the above
Explanation:
Disinfectants are chemical agents applied to non-living objects in order to destroybacteria, viruses, fungi, or mold living on the objects i.e. to sterilize them. Forexample - chlorine tablets.
They are made of calcium hypochlorite.
These tablets dissolve in the wastewater, releasing the hypochlorite, which thenbecomes hypochlorous acid, the primary disinfectant.
Chlorine tablets are used to remove odour, dark colour, and many types of bacteriaand viruses from wastewater.
The full form of WWTP is:
(A)
World WideTransportProgramme.
(B)
Waste WaterTreatment Plant.
(C)
World Workers’Talent Programme.
(D)
None of these.
Ans. :
b.
Waste Water Treatment Plant.
Explanation:
The full form of WWTP is – Waste Water Treatment Plant.
A place where waste water or sewage from houses and other buildings is brought forprocessing is called waste water treatment plant.
The wastewater treatment plant is also called sewage treatment plant.
(A)
Liquid waste.
(B)
Solid waste.
(C)
Gaseous waste.
(D)
Mixture of solidand gas.
Ans. :
a.
Liquid waste.
Explanation:
The waste water that flows down drains and through pipes from toilets and sinks iscalled sewage. It is majorly liquid.
The small amount of solid waste that is present in the sewage do eventually getdissolved in it.
Pick from the following one chemical used to disinfect water:
(A)
Chlorine.
(B)
Washing soda.
(C)
Silica.
(D)
Coal.
Ans. :
a.
Chlorine.
Explanation:
Chlorine is the chemical used as water disinfectant.
Which of the following is waste water?
(A)
Water tricklingfrom a damaged tap.
(B)
Water coming outof a shower.
(C)
Water flowing in ariver.
(D)
Water coming outof a laundry.
Ans. :
d.
Water coming out of a laundry.
Explanation:
Water coming out of a laundry is waste water.
Identify the low-cost onsite sewage disposal system.
(A)
Septic tank
(B)
Composting pits
(C)
Chemical toilets
(D)
All of the above
Ans. :
d.
All of the above
Explanation:
To improve sanitation, low - cost onsite sewage disposal systems arebeing encouraged.
Examples are septic tanks, chemical toilets, composting pits.
Septic tanks are suitable for places where there is no sewerage system, forhospitals, isolated buildings or a cluster of 4 to 5 houses.
Some organisations offer hygienic on - site human waste disposal technology.
These toilets do not require scavenging. Excreta from the toilet seats flow throughcovered drains into a biogas plant.
The biogas produced is used as a source of energy.
A chemical toilet collects human excreta in a holding tank and uses chemicals tominimize odours.
These toilets are usually, but not always, self - contained and movable.
A chemical toilet is structured around a relatively small tank, which needs to beemptied frequently.
(A)
Manure
(B)
Source for biogas
(C)
Fertilizers
(D)
Both A and B
Ans. :
a.
Manure
Explanation:
Activated sludge is formed as the suspended microbes settle at the bottom of theaerator tank.
This activated sludge is 97% water and it is dried using sand drying beds or machinesto obtain dried sludge.
Dried sludge is used as manure, returning organic matter and nutrients to the soil.
An example of water - borne disease is:
(A)
Scabies
(B)
Influenza
(C)
Trachoma
(D)
Typhoid
Ans. :
d.
Typhoid
Explanation:
Typhoid is spread by eating or drinking food or water contaminated with faeces of aninfected person.
So, typhoid is a water borne disease.
Scabies is caused by the dog bite and so it is an animal - borne disease.
Influenza is transmitted sexually or through the blood transfusions from the diseasedpersons so it is not a waterborne disease.
Trachoma is a sexually transmitted disease.
Trachoma spreads through contact with discharge from the eyes or nose of theinfected person.
What is the main cause of pollution of water in India?
(A)
Discharge ofuntreated sewage.
(B)
Bathing.
(C)
Discharge ofindustrial waste.
(D)
Both A and C.
Ans. :
d.
Both A and C.
Explanation:
Water pollution is caused by the addition of the unwanted substances in the waterbodies.
The main causes of the water pollution is due to the discharge of the water effluentsfrom various sources such as the industrial waste and untreated sewage.
The harmful pollutants are added to the water resources from these sourceswhich degrade the quality of the water.
Black brown water that goes down the drain from sink is called as
(A)
Septic water
(B)
sewage water
(C)
Wastewater
(D)
All of the above
Ans. :
c.
Wastewater
Explanation:
Option (A):
Septic water is the waste water that goes from the toilets, bathrooms and sinks andgets stored in the septic tanks made underground.
Option (B):
Sewage water is the wastewater that gets accumulated in the drains coming from allthe households.
This sewage water is released in large quantities.
Option (C):
The sink water that is released in black brown color is due to washing of utensils andhandwashing etc. is the wastewater.
The increasing scarcity of fresh water is due to:
(A)
Populationgrowth.
(B)
Pollution.
(C)
Industrialdevelopment.
(D)
All of the above.
Ans. :
d.
All of the above.
The liquid waste which has dissolved and suspended impurities is:
(A)
Sludge
(B)
Sewage water
(C)
Potable water
(D)
None of theabove
Ans. :
b.
Sewage water
Explanation:
Option (A)
The sewage effluent is pumped into an aeration or oxidation tank which containssludge.
The flocs later sediment at the bottom of the aeration tank and are known asactivated sludge.
A part of activated sludge is pumped back into an aeration tank to act as inoculumwhile a major part of it is pumped into an anaerobic sludge digester for anaerobicmicrobial decomposition and production of biogas.
Option (B)
Sewage water is determines as the waste water that has the maximum concentrationof faeces, urine, and household waste.
The bacteria and fungi filaments are the categories of microbes naturally occurringin sewage water.
The bacteria multiply rapidly and along with the presence of fungus filaments formthe large masses that are known as flocs.
Option (C)
Potable water is the drinking water which does not contain any effluent or sewagecomponents.
Water with impurities is called as:
(A)
Wastewater
(B)
Potable water
(C)
Saltwater
(D)
Clarified water
Ans. :
a.
Wastewater
Explanation:
Water rich in lather, mixed with oil, black– brown water that goes down the drainsfrom sinks, showers, toilets, laundries with impurities is called wastewater.
Which of the following is not a source of wastewater?
(A)
Sewers
(B)
Homes
(C)
Industries
(D)
Hospitals
Ans. :
a.
Sewers
Explanation:
The pipes through which the wastewater flows into the sewage are known as sewers,whereas, wastewater is collected into the sewage from homes, industries andhospitals. Hence, sewers is not a source of wastewater.
Vacuum toilets are usually used in:
(A)
Superfast trains
(B)
Cinema halls
(C)
Aeroplanes
(D)
Large ships
Ans. :
c.
Aeroplanes
Explanation:
The aeroplanes have a special type of toilet called “vacuum toilets”. So, the humanexcreta or sewage in an aeroplane is disposed of through vacuum toilets.
When we flush the toilet in an aeroplane, then a valve opens in a pipeline which hasvacuum inside it.
The vacuum in the pipeline sucks the human excreta from the toilet seat with a greatforce making a loud noise and carries it into a tank on board the aeroplane.
When the aeroplane lands at an airport, then the tank containing all the humanexcreta is emptied into a sewer line into the ground through connecting pipes.
Study the following statements about ozone:
a.
It is essential for breathing of living organisms.
b.
It is used to disinfect water.
c.
It absorbs ultraviolet rays.
d.
Its proportion in air is about 3%.
Which of these statements are correct?
(A)
(a), (b) and (c)
(B)
(b) and (c)
(C)
(a) and (d)
(D)
All four.
Ans. :
i.
(a), (b) and (c)
Treated Wastewater usually disposed in:
(A)
Water bodies
(B)
Underground
(C)
Forests
(D)
Wells
Ans. :
a.
Water bodies
Explanation:
Treatment of wastewater involves physical, chemical, and biological processes,which remove physical, chemical and biological matter that contaminates thewastewater.
This treatment is done in Wastewater treatment Plant (WWTP).
The treated wastewater from the WWTP has a very low level of organic material andsuspended matter.
It is discharged into a sea or a river.
Thus, Treated waste water usually disposed in to water bodies.
The human excreta can be used for the production of ________________.
(A)
Vermi cakes forfertilizer.
(B)
Vermi cakes asmanure.
(C)
Vermi cakes asanimal food.
(D)
Both A and B.
Ans. :
d.
Both A and B.
Explanation:
Excreta of the humans can be used for making vermicompost using earthworms.
Vermi cakes are formed after composting of human excreta.
It contains substances like phosphorous, potassium and nitrogen which are majorcomponents of fertilizers.
Vermi cakes are also used as manure which is an organic matte.
It is used as organic fertilizer.
A natural disaster caused due to insufficient water for agriculture is called:
(A)
Flood
(B)
Draught
(C)
Famine
(D)
Forest fire
Ans. :
c.
Famine
Explanation:
A natural disaster caused due to insufficient water for agriculture is called Famine.
In this year board examination, Ajju were asked a question where he had tochoose the statement which was/were correct? Will you be able to answer thisquestion?
(A)
World Water Day2020, on 22 March, isabout water andclimate change.
(B)
The theme of2019 was abouttackling the watercrisis by addressingthe reasons why somany people arebeing left behind
(C)
In 2017, thetheme was “WhyWaste Water?” whichwas about reducingand reusingwastewater.
(D)
All the above
Ans. :
d.
All the above
Gunja is completed her science chapter where she wrote some statements. Shewants to know whether the statements are correct or not? Gunja wants to takehelp from you:
(A)
The wastewater orsewage entering thesewage treatmentplant is the firstpassed through barscreens.
(B)
The wastewaterpassing through thebar screen is made toflow slowly through atank called “grit andsand removal tank”.
(C)
The sludge istaken out from thebottom of firstsedimentation tankand put into a large,closed tank called“digester tank”.
(D)
None of theabove.
Ans. :
d.
None of the above.
Wastewater goes down the drain from:
(A)
Toilets
(B)
Laundries
(C)
Sink
(D)
All of the above
Ans. :
d.
All of the above
Explanation:
Water rich in lather, mixed with oil, black– brown water that goes down the drainsfrom sinks, showers, toilets, laundries with impurities is called wastewater.
Which of the following is used as a disinfectant:
(A)
Ozone
(B)
Chlorine
(C)
Magnesium
(D)
Both A and B
Ans. :
d.
Both A and B
Explanation:
Sometimes it may be necessary to disinfect water with chemicals like chlorine andozone before releasing it into the distribution system.
Water polluted by various human activities cause a number of water-bornediseases. Which of the following is not a water-borne disease?
(A)
Cholera
(B)
Typhoid
(C)
Asthma
(D)
Dysentry
Ans. :
c.
Asthma
Explanation:
Asthma is not a water - borne disease. It is caused by polluted air.
Which among the following is/ are farmers friend?
(A)
Birds
(B)
Earthworm
(C)
Snail
(D)
All of the above
Ans. :
a.
Birds
Explanation:
Earthworm helps in composting, thus gaining the name as Farmers friend.
Open drain system is a breeding place for which of the following?
(A)
Flies
(B)
Mosquitoes
(C)
Organisms whichcause disease
(D)
All the above
Ans. :
d.
All the above
Explanation:
Open drain system is a breeding place for flies, mosquitoes and organisms whichcause diseases.
The light materials which float during waste water treatment is:
(A)
Sludge.
(B)
Scum.
(C)
Sewerage.
(D)
Biogas.
Ans. :
b.
Scum.
The soil pores block and become ineffective in filtering the water due to:
(A)
Disposal of oil indrainage pipe.
(B)
Disposal of oil inopen drain.
(C)
Disposal of oil ingarden.
(D)
None of theabove.
Ans. :
b.
Disposal of oil in open drain.
Explanation:
Oil and fats can clog the drains reducing its effectiveness in filtering water.
In open drains, they block the pores in the soil and thus hamper the filtration by soil.
Hence, oil and fats should not be released into the drain.
The waste from toilets can be used for making _______________.
(A)
Vermicompost
(B)
Chemicalfertilizers
(C)
Biogas
(D)
All of these
Ans. :
d.
All of these
A disease can spread from one person to population by:
(A)
Impropersanitation in publicplaces.
(B)
Impropersanitation in home.
(C)
Sharing of food.
(D)
Sharing of waterbottle.
Ans. :
a.
Improper sanitation in public places.
Explanation:
A disease can spread from one person to population by improper sanitation in publicplaces because many disease-causing organisms can survive on the surface of theimproperly sanitized public toilet seat, and for an infection to occur, the germs(bacteria, virus) would have to be transferred from the toilet seat to your urethral orgenital tract, or through a cut or sore on the buttocks or thighs, which is possible.
Hence A disease can spread from one person to population by improper sanitation inpublic places.
The pit that we have to dig for vermicomposting has to be minimum of ___ cm.
(A)
30
(B)
10
(C)
40
(D)
20
Ans. :
a.
30
Explanation:
The method of preparing compost with the help of redworms iscalled vermicomposting.
30cm deep is needed for this process.
Which of the following is/ are products of wastewater treatment?
(A)
Biogas.
(B)
Sludge.
(C)
Both biogas andsludge.
(D)
Aerator.
Ans. :
c.
Both biogas and sludge.
Explanation:
Biogas and sludge both are the products of wastewater treatment.
The examples of onsite sewage disposal system for human waste are:
(A)
Septic tanks
(B)
Composting pitsand
(C)
Chemical toilets.
(D)
All the above
Ans. :
d.
All the above
Read the following sentences carefully, and choose the incorrect one:
(A)
Use water is wastewater which can berecycled.
(B)
Wastewater istreated in a sewagetreatment plant.
(C)
By products ofwastewater treatmentare sludge andbiogas.
(D)
Sewage is a liquidwaste which causeswater pollution.
Ans. :
d.
Sewage is a liquid waste which causes water pollution.
Explanation:
Sewage is a liquid waste which causes water pollution as well as soil pollution.
Which of these is a part of the wastewater treatment plant?
(A)
Clarifier.
(B)
Vertical bars.
(C)
Aeration tank.
(D)
All of these.
Ans. :
d.
All of these.
Most of organic matter present in sewage is:
(A)
Producer
(B)
Decomposer
(C)
Biodegradable
(D)
All of above
Ans. :
c.
Biodegradable
Which of the following is/ are products of wastewater treatment?
(A)
Biogas
(B)
Sludge
(C)
Both Biogas andsludge
(D)
Aerator
Ans. :
c.
Both Biogas and sludge
Sanitation at public places can be maintained by:
(A)
Proper drainage.
(B)
Garbagemanagement.
(C)
Sufficient publictoilet facilities.
(D)
All of the above.
Ans. :
d.
All of the above.
Explanation:
Sanitation refers to public health conditions related to clean drinking water andadequate treatment and disposal of human wastes and sewage. Preventing humancontact with feces is part of sanitation.
Sanitation at public places can be maintained by Proper drainage,Garbagemanagement and Sufficient public toilet facilities.
Which of the following statements about ozone are correct?
I.
It is essential for breathing of living organisms.
II.
It is used to disinfect water.
III.
It absorbs ultraviolet rays.
IV.
Its proportion in air is about 3%.
(A)
I and II.
(B)
II and III.
(C)
I and III.
(D)
II and IV.
Ans. :
b.
II and III.
Which microbe is used to decompose sludge into bio gas?
(A)
Aerobic bacteria.
(B)
Anaerobicbacteria.
(C)
Algae.
(D)
Fungi.
Ans. :
b.
Anaerobic bacteria.
The direct discharge of pollutants into water bodies leads to:
(A)
Water pollution
(B)
Soil pollution
(C)
Air pollution
(D)
All of the above
Ans. :
a.
Water pollution
Explanation:
Water pollution is the mixing of contaminants to the water bodies (e.g., lakes, rivers,oceans, aquifers and groundwater) which changes the desired quality of water.
Water pollution affects the entire biosphere, plants and organisms living in thesebodies of water.
Which of the following statement is or are correct?
(A)
Water that is fit foruse and safe fordrinking is known asclean water.
(B)
The dissolved andsuspended impuritiespresent in water arecalled contaminants.
(C)
The gas that isproduced bydecomposition ofsludge by theanaerobic bacteria isknown as biogas.
(D)
All the above.
Ans. :
d.
All the above.
Suspended impurities in the water are called:
(A)
Waste
(B)
Contaminants
(C)
Sewers
(D)
Manholes
Ans. :
b.
Contaminants
Explanation:
Suspended impurities in the water are called contaminants.
Activate sludge is about ___________ water.
(A)
10%
(B)
25%
(C)
79%
(D)
97%
Ans. :
d.
97%
Better housekeeping practices includes:
(A)
Cooking oil andfats should not bethrown down thedrain.
(B)
Chemicals likepaints, solvents,insecticides shouldnot be thrown thedrain.
(C)
Used tea leaves,solid food, cottonshould not be thrownin the drain.
(D)
All of the above.
Ans. :
d.
All of the above.
Bar screening is used to remove ____.
(A)
Sand
(B)
Rags
(C)
Pebbles
(D)
All of the above
Ans. :
b.
Rags
Explanation:
Option B:
Bar screening is a technique used to filter large products from the waste water.
A mechanical filter is formed in the way of waste water flow, so that the large solidwastes like rags, plastics, etc can be removed from the waste water.
It is used in the primary filtration level of the wastewater treatment plant.
Which of the following statement is or are incorrect?
(A)
All the portabletoilets are chemicaltoilets.
(B)
Septic tanks andcomposting pits arecalled on - sitesewage facility.
(C)
Septic tanks aresuitable for thoseplaces where there isno sewage system.
(D)
The human wastecan not be used in abiogas plant formaking biogas.
Ans. :
d.
The human waste can not be used in a biogas plant for making biogas.
Explanation:
The biogas produced is used as a fuel.
The human waste or human excreta can be used in a biogas plant along with cowdung for making biogas.
So, in many villages, human excreta from the toilet seats in the homes flows directlyinto biogas plant through covered drains.
The buildings which do not have a sewage system can _____________.
(A)
Constructdrainage tanks.
(B)
Construct septictanks.
(C)
Construct sewagewater bodies.
(D)
Construct septiccanals.
Ans. :
b.
Construct septic tanks.
Explanation:
Septic tanks are underground tanks in which sewage is collected and allowed todecompose with the use of bacteria.
Drainage tanks are used to remove water. Sewage pollutes the water bodies whendirectly discharged into water bodies like river.
Septic canal is a tubular passageway for the disposal for sewage.
Which of the following happens when the garbage in dumped into the rivers?
(A)
Fishes and waterplants die.
(B)
Water becomesunfit for drinking.
(C)
The inlets andground water sourcesare blocked.
(D)
All of the above.
Ans. :
d.
All of the above.
No comments:
Post a Comment